{"id":17123,"date":"2025-02-05T12:07:46","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T11:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/treevaset.com\/essentiel-bonsai\/entretien-bonsai-metasequoia\/"},"modified":"2026-11-12T09:04:27","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T08:04:27","slug":"entretien-bonsai-metasequoia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/treevaset.com\/fr\/essentiel-bonsai\/entretien-bonsai-metasequoia\/","title":{"rendered":"Metasequoia glyptostroboides en bonsa\u00ef (m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia)\u00a0: guide d\u2019entretien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le Metasequoia glyptostroboides<\/strong><\/em>, ou m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia<\/strong>, est l\u2019une des esp\u00e8ces les plus anciennes que l\u2019on cultive en bonsa\u00ef. Consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme disparu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa red\u00e9couverte en Chine dans les ann\u00e9es 1940, il est devenu depuis un symbole vivant d\u2019endurance. Avec son feuillage fin et plumeux et son tronc lisse et cannel\u00e9, c\u2019est un arbre qui apporte \u00e0 une collection de bonsa\u00efs une impression d\u2019intemporalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Il pla\u00eet particuli\u00e8rement aux amateurs qui aiment les esp\u00e8ces dont l\u2019aspect change beaucoup au fil des saisons\u00a0: vert franc au printemps et en \u00e9t\u00e9, puis cuivr\u00e9 en automne, avant de perdre ses aiguilles pour l\u2019hiver.<\/p>\n

\n

Le Metasequoia glyptostroboides en bref<\/h2>\n
\n
\n
Exposition<\/dt>\n
Plein soleil, 6\u00a0h de soleil direct ou plus<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Arrosage<\/dt>\n
Toujours l\u00e9g\u00e8rement humide\u00a0: supporte mieux l\u2019exc\u00e8s d\u2019eau que la s\u00e9cheresse<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Temp\u00e9rature<\/dt>\n
10-28\u00a0\u00b0C\u00a0; gel hivernal jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u221210\u00a0\u00b0C<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Engrais<\/dt>\n
Toutes les 2\u00a0semaines, du printemps au milieu de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Rempotage<\/dt>\n
Tous les 2-3\u00a0ans (jeunes arbres), \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019hiver<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Emplacement<\/dt>\n
Dehors toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e<\/dd>\n<\/div>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

Originaire du centre de la Chine, le m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia est un conif\u00e8re \u00e0 feuillage caduc, proche parent du cypr\u00e8s chauve (Taxodium distichum). Les deux aiment les milieux humides, mais le m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia se distingue par ses feuilles oppos\u00e9es et une \u00e9corce d\u2019une texture plus fine. Il se pla\u00eet sous les climats frais \u00e0 doux et se cultive dehors toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e. L\u2019esp\u00e8ce pousse vite, prend une forme conique et d\u00e9veloppe une base de tronc bien marqu\u00e9e\u00a0: un bon choix pour qui aime former des bonsa\u00efs vigoureux et expressifs.<\/p>\n

Vous voulez cultiver votre m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia\u00a0? Commencez avec un jeune pr\u00e9-bonsa\u00ef issu de semis<\/a>\u00a0: il se pr\u00eate bien aux for\u00eats et aux plantations en groupe.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 quelle fr\u00e9quence arroser un bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Au printemps et en \u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, quand l\u2019arbre pousse le plus, le substrat doit rester toujours l\u00e9g\u00e8rement humide<\/strong>. V\u00e9rifiez la surface tous les jours et arrosez abondamment d\u00e8s qu\u2019elle commence \u00e0 s\u00e9cher. Par temps chaud ou venteux, il peut m\u00eame falloir arroser deux fois par jour<\/strong>. Le Metasequoia glyptostroboides supporte bien mieux l\u2019exc\u00e8s d\u2019eau que la s\u00e9cheresse, mais il ne doit jamais rester longtemps dans l\u2019eau stagnante, qui peut asphyxier les racines.<\/p>\n

En automne<\/strong>, espacez peu \u00e0 peu les arrosages quand le feuillage se colore et tombe. Pendant le repos v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif de l\u2019hiver<\/strong>, arrosez moins souvent, juste assez pour garder le substrat l\u00e9g\u00e8rement humide et \u00e9viter que les racines s\u00e8chent.<\/p>\n

De combien de lumi\u00e8re un bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia a-t-il besoin\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Un bonsa\u00ef de Metasequoia glyptostroboides<\/strong> pousse le mieux en plein soleil<\/strong> et doit recevoir au moins six heures de lumi\u00e8re directe par jour<\/strong> pour garder une croissance vigoureuse, une ramification compacte et un feuillage bien vert. L\u2019esp\u00e8ce aime la lumi\u00e8re abondante pendant toute la saison de croissance\u00a0: c\u2019est un arbre qui se d\u00e9veloppe dehors, pas \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

Au printemps et en \u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, placez votre m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia dans un endroit lumineux et d\u00e9gag\u00e9, o\u00f9 il re\u00e7oit le soleil du matin et de midi. Dans les r\u00e9gions tr\u00e8s chaudes, quelques heures d\u2019ombre l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi<\/strong> \u00e9vitent que les aiguilles fines et plumeuses se dess\u00e8chent. Trop \u00e0 l\u2019ombre, les branches s\u2019allongent et perdent leur densit\u00e9, et l\u2019arbre para\u00eet plus faible dans l\u2019ensemble.<\/p>\n

En automne<\/strong>, garder le plein soleil aide le bois nouveau \u00e0 durcir et accentue le ton orang\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9corce pendant que les feuilles changent de couleur. Pendant le repos v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif de l\u2019hiver<\/strong>, l\u2019arbre sans feuilles peut rester dehors dans un endroit lumineux\u00a0: la lumi\u00e8re continue de soutenir son rythme et le pr\u00e9pare au printemps.<\/p>\n

Plus il a de lumi\u00e8re naturelle, plus sa croissance est forte, ses couleurs vives et son changement de saison marqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Quelle temp\u00e9rature pour un bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Sa plage de temp\u00e9rature id\u00e9ale<\/strong> va de 10\u00a0\u00b0C \u00e0 28\u00a0\u00b0C<\/strong>\u00a0: elle assure une croissance r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et un feuillage vif pendant toute la saison de croissance.<\/p>\n

Au printemps et en \u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, des journ\u00e9es chaudes et des nuits fra\u00eeches lui donnent le bon rythme pour se d\u00e9velopper. Le m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia aime l\u2019air frais et l\u2019humidit\u00e9\u00a0: il doit toujours \u00eatre plac\u00e9 dehors, dans un endroit bien a\u00e9r\u00e9. Si les temp\u00e9ratures d\u00e9passent 30\u00a0\u00b0C<\/strong>, donnez-lui un peu d\u2019ombre l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi et gardez le substrat toujours l\u00e9g\u00e8rement humide pour \u00e9viter que les aiguilles br\u00fblent.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019approche de l\u2019automne<\/strong>, la baisse progressive des temp\u00e9ratures d\u00e9clenche l\u2019un des plus beaux changements de couleur en bonsa\u00ef\u00a0: les feuilles plumeuses du Metasequoia prennent des tons cuivre et orange avant de tomber, au d\u00e9but du repos v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif.<\/p>\n

En hiver<\/strong>, l\u2019arbre a besoin de froid et de repos, et supporte sans dommage des temp\u00e9ratures jusqu\u2019\u00e0 \u221210\u00a0\u00b0C<\/strong>. Dans les r\u00e9gions aux hivers plus rudes, mieux vaut prot\u00e9ger les racines en pla\u00e7ant le bonsa\u00ef sous ch\u00e2ssis froid, en serre froide ou dans un endroit abrit\u00e9<\/strong>. \u00c9vitez de le garder au chaud \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur\u00a0: cela interromprait son repos v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif et affaiblirait l\u2019arbre avec le temps.<\/p>\n

L\u2019engrais de votre bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia<\/h2>\n

Le Metasequoia glyptostroboides pousse vite et r\u00e9agit bien \u00e0 des apports d\u2019engrais r\u00e9guliers. Commencez au d\u00e9but du printemps, quand les bourgeons gonflent, et continuez jusqu\u2019au milieu de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 avec un engrais \u00e9quilibr\u00e9, comme un NPK 10-10-10. En fin d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 et au d\u00e9but de l\u2019automne, passez \u00e0 un engrais pauvre en azote (4-6-8, par exemple) pour aider l\u2019arbre \u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer au repos v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif et fortifier ses racines avant l\u2019hiver.<\/p>\n

Des apports r\u00e9guliers et mod\u00e9r\u00e9s donnent un feuillage dense et des branches bien proportionn\u00e9es. Granul\u00e9s organiques ou engrais liquides dilu\u00e9s conviennent tous les deux, \u00e0 condition que le substrat reste toujours l\u00e9g\u00e8rement humide apr\u00e8s l\u2019apport.<\/p>\n

Commencer avec un arbre pr\u00eat \u00e0 \u00eatre form\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Si vous voulez mettre ce guide en pratique, nos jeunes pr\u00e9-bonsa\u00efs de Metasequoia glyptostroboides sont issus de semis dans notre p\u00e9pini\u00e8re et cultiv\u00e9s pour le bonsa\u00ef d\u00e8s le d\u00e9part\u00a0: ce ne sont pas des plants de jardinerie.<\/p>\n\n

Faut-il tailler un bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Le m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia r\u00e9agit tr\u00e8s bien \u00e0 la taille et \u00e0 la mise en forme, ce qui en fait une esp\u00e8ce qui se pr\u00eate bien au travail en bonsa\u00ef. La taille d\u2019entretien peut se faire pendant toute la saison de croissance\u00a0: quand les nouvelles pousses ont form\u00e9 quatre \u00e0 six paires de feuilles, raccourcissez-les \u00e0 une ou deux paires. Cette technique affine la ramification et pr\u00e9serve la silhouette g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. La taille de structure se fait \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019hiver ou tout au d\u00e9but du printemps, avant le d\u00e9part de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation.<\/p>\n

Le bois est souple quand il est jeune, ce qui facilite la ligature, mais comme il grossit vite, surveillez le fil et retirez-le \u00e0 temps pour \u00e9viter les marques. Le Metasequoia se pr\u00eate particuli\u00e8rement aux styles droits et aux for\u00eats, o\u00f9 sa forme haute et \u00e9lanc\u00e9e est mise en valeur.<\/p>\n

Quand rempoter un bonsa\u00ef de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Les jeunes bonsa\u00efs de Metasequoia se rempotent tous les deux \u00e0 trois ans<\/strong>\u00a0; les arbres plus \u00e2g\u00e9s peuvent attendre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 cinq ans entre deux rempotages. Le meilleur moment est la fin de l\u2019hiver ou le d\u00e9but du printemps, juste avant l\u2019ouverture des nouveaux bourgeons. Un m\u00e9lange qui retient l\u2019humidit\u00e9 tout en drainant librement est indispensable\u00a0: akadama, pierre ponce et pouzzolane \u00e0 parts \u00e9gales conviennent bien.<\/p>\n

Au rempotage, taillez environ un tiers de la masse racinaire, surtout les grosses racines, pour favoriser les radicelles qui soutiennent une croissance dense et saine. Apr\u00e8s le rempotage, gardez le bonsa\u00ef dans un endroit abrit\u00e9 et ombrag\u00e9 pendant deux semaines, en arrosant avec soin jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la reprise de la croissance.<\/p>\n

Peut-on faire une for\u00eat de m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoias en bonsa\u00ef\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Oui, et peu d\u2019esp\u00e8ces s\u2019y pr\u00eatent aussi bien. Son port naturellement \u00e9rig\u00e9, sa croissance rapide et sa silhouette r\u00e9guli\u00e8re font du m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia l\u2019un des choix classiques pour les for\u00eats (yose-ue). Dans la nature, il pousse en bosquets d\u2019arbres du m\u00eame \u00e2ge le long des rivi\u00e8res\u00a0: un groupe de troncs \u00e9lanc\u00e9s et coniques para\u00eet donc naturel, et non mis en sc\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

Pour en commencer une, choisissez un nombre impair de jeunes arbres d\u2019\u00e9paisseur et de hauteur diff\u00e9rentes, plantez le plus fort l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d\u00e9centr\u00e9 dans un pot peu profond, et gardez des espacements irr\u00e9guliers, plus serr\u00e9s au centre, plus l\u00e2ches sur les bords. Comme tous les arbres du groupe d\u00e9bourrent et prennent leur teinte cuivr\u00e9e en m\u00eame temps, l\u2019effet de chaque saison se multiplie avec chaque tronc. Les jeunes arbres issus de semis conviennent bien\u00a0: ils s\u2019installent vite et se disposent facilement avant que leurs troncs ne prennent leur forme d\u00e9finitive.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e8mes courants<\/h2>\n

Si les aiguilles brunissent ou s\u00e8chent \u00e0 l\u2019extr\u00e9mit\u00e9, l\u2019arbre a en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral souffert de la s\u00e9cheresse ou d\u2019une chaleur extr\u00eame. Un feuillage faible ou jaun\u00e2tre peut signaler des racines \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9troit ou un manque de nutriments, deux probl\u00e8mes qui se corrigent par un rempotage et une fertilisation adapt\u00e9s. Par temps humide et mal a\u00e9r\u00e9, des maladies fongiques peuvent appara\u00eetre\u00a0; un fongicide pr\u00e9ventif au printemps aide \u00e0 garder un feuillage sain.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019ensemble, l\u2019esp\u00e8ce est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistante et r\u00e9cup\u00e8re vite une fois ses conditions de culture corrig\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019entretien du bonsa\u00ef de Metasequoia glyptostroboides (m\u00e9tas\u00e9quoia) expliqu\u00e9\u00a0: arrosage, exposition, engrais, taille, rempotage et hivernage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":17122,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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